15 Interestingly, the pattern of comorbidity differed such that women with a greater number of drug dependencies had higher rates of antisocial personality and depression than did women dependent on fewer drugs. Another study among drug-dependent female inmates in a substance abuse treatment program reported rates of 43% and 32% for antisocial personality and depression, respectively. 3 Lifetime prevalence was highest for substance abuse or dependence (70.2%), posttraumatic stress disorder (33.5%), and major depressive episode (16.9%). found that more than 80% of jail detainees met criteria for 1 or more lifetime psychiatric disorders. 15,16 Comorbidities, particularly mental disorders and substance use disorders, are common in this population. In addition to their experiences with stressful life events, female offenders have high rates of mental health problems, which have been reported among drug court participants, 2,9–11 jail detainees, 3 felons entering prison, 12 prisoners, 4,13,14 and offenders in prison substance abuse treatment programs. 6 In addition, the prevalence of other stressful life events, such as adolescent pregnancy and motherhood, among criminal justice samples is higher than national rates. 5 Household dysfunction during childhood (e.g., family violence, parental separation or divorce, foster care or adoption placement) is more common among female offenders than women in the general population. These rates exceed the range of 6% to 14% for men in respective facilities and estimates of 12% to 17% for women in the general adult population. Childhood physical or sexual abuse is such an event and is reported by a large proportion of female offenders 4–6 according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 37% of women in state prisons, 23% of women in federal prisons, 37% of women in jail, and 28% of female probationers were victims of physical or sexual abuse as a minor. Stressful and traumatic life events are common experiences for female offenders. 1 Many women involved in the criminal justice system experience stressful life events, suffer from mental disorders, and struggle with substance use problems. The number of women who are incarcerated or under correctional supervision increased from approximately 600 000 in 1990 to just more than 1.3 million in 2009. Community-based interventions are critical to reduce risk of abuse of vulnerable women by police officers charged with protecting communities.įemale offenders represent a growing population of high-risk, vulnerable women in the United States. Multivariable models identified 4 or more arrests (adjusted odds ratio = 2.8 95% confidence interval = 1.29, 5.97), adult antisocial personality (AOR = 9.0 95% CI = 2.08, 38.79), and lifetime comorbid cocaine and opiate use (AOR = 2.9 ) as risk factors employment (AOR = 0.4 95% CI = 0.22, 0.77) lowered the risk of PSM.Ĭonclusions. Only 51% of these respondents always used a condom with an officer. Among women who experienced PSM, 96% had sex with an officer on duty, 77% had repeated exchanges, 31% reported rape by an officer, and 54% were offered favors by officers in exchange for sex 87% said officers kept their promise. Of the 318 participants, 78 (25%) reported a lifetime history of PSM. Regression analyses assessed risk factors for trading sex, a form of police sexual misconduct (PSM). In 2005 to 2008, we recruited women into an HIV intervention study, which surveyed participants about multiple sociodemographic, lifestyle, and risk factors. We assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for trading sex with a police officer among women recruited from drug courts in St Louis, Missouri.
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